Lesson 14 - الدَّرْسُ الرَّابِعَ عَشَرَ

Introduction –مُقَدِّمَةٌ

• In this lesson we will learn the following things In-Shā’-Allâh (God willing):
• The plural form of "That" (demonstrative pronoun) for the masculine as well as the feminine nouns.

English	Transliteration	Arabic	Singular / Plural (Arabic)	Masculine / Feminine (Arabic)	Grammatical Term
That (masculine)	/Dhālika/	ذَلِكَ	الْمُفْرَدُ	الْمُذَكَّرُ	أَسْمَاءُ الإِشَارَةِ الْبَعِيدَةِ
Those	/ulā’ika/	أُولَـٰئِكَ	الْجَمْعُ
That (feminine)	/Tilka/	تِلْكَ	الْمُفْرَدُ	الْمُؤَنَّثُ
Those	/ulā’ika/	أُولَـٰئِكَ	الْجَمْعُ

• We will learn the plural form of the Personal Pronouns for the masculine as well as the feminine nouns

Example	English	Transliteration	Arabic	Singular / Plural (Arabic)	Masculine / Feminine (Arabic)
هُوَ طَوِيلٌ (He is tall)	He	/Huwa/	هُوَ	الْمُفْرَدُ	الْمُذَكَّرُ
هُمْ طِوَالٌ (They are tall)	They	/Hum/	هُمْ	الْجَمْعُ
بَيْتُهُ (His house)	His	/Hu/	ـهُ	الْمُفْرَدُ
بَيْتُهُمْ (Their house)	Their	/Hum/	ـهُمْ	الْجَمْعُ
هِيَ مَرِيضَةٌ (She is ill)	She	/Hiya/	هِيَ	الْمُفْرَدُ	الْمُؤَنَّثُ
هُنَّ مَرِيضَاتٌ (They are ill)	They	/Hunna/	هُنَّ	الْجَمْعُ
كِتَابُهَا (Her book)	Her	/Ha/	ـهَا	الْمُفْرَدُ
كِتَابُهُنَّ (Their book)	Their	/Hunna/	هُنَّ	الْجَمْعُ

• The plural form of the simple masculine as well as feminine verbs:

English	Transliteration	Arabic	Singular / Plural (Arabic)	Masculine / Feminine (Arabic)
He went	/Dhahaba/	ذَهَبَ	الْمُفْرَدُ	الْمُذَكَّرُ
They went (masc. plural)	/Dhahabu/	ذَهَبُوا	الْجَمْعُ
She went	/Dhahabat/	ذَهَبَتْ	الْمُفْرَدُ	الْمُؤَنَّثُ
They went (fem. plural)	/Dhahabna/	ذَهَبْنَ	الْجَمْعُ

• We will learn the use of a new word:

English	Arabic
Some	بَعْضُ

• In this section we will learn the plural form of two of the personal and two possessive pronouns In-Shā’-Allâh (God willing):

Example	English	Transliteration	Arabic	Singular / Plural (Arabic)	Masculine / Feminine (Arabic)
هُوَ طَوِيلٌ (He is tall)	He	/Huwa/	هُوَ	الْمُفْرَدُ	الْمُذَكَّرُ
هُمْ طِوَالٌ (They are tall)	They	/Hum/	هُمْ	الْجَمْعُ
بَيْتُهُ (His house)	His	/Hu/	ـهُ	الْمُفْرَدُ
بَيْتُهُمْ (Their house)	Their	/Hum/	ـهُمْ	الْجَمْعُ
هِيَ مَرِيضَةٌ (She is ill)	She	/Hiya/	هِيَ	الْمُفْرَدُ	الْمُؤَنَّثُ
هُنَّ مَرِيضَاتٌ (They are ill)	They	/Hunna/	هُنَّ	الْجَمْعُ
كِتَابُهَا (Her book)	Her	/Ha/	ـهَا	الْمُفْرَدُ
كِتَابُـهُنَّ (Their book)	Their	/Hunna/	هُنَّ	الْجَمْعُ

• The plural of both the masculine and the feminine personal as well as possessive pronouns are used to refer only to human beings, e.g.:

هُوَ مُدَرِّسٌ ====== هُمْ مُدَرِّسُونَ

They are teachers========== He is a teacher

ذَلِكَ طَالِبٌ هُوَ مِن أَمْرِيكَا ====== أُولَئِكَ طُلابٌ هُمْ مِن أَمْرِيكَا

Those are students they are from America == That is a student, he is from America

هِيَ مُدَرِّسَةٌ ====== هُنَّ مُدَرِّسَاتٌ

They are lady teachers ========== She is a lady teacher

تِلْكَ تِلْمِيْذَةٌ، هِيَ مُجْتَهِدَةٌ ====== أُوْلَئِكَ تِلْمِيذَاتٌ، هُنَّ مُجْتَهِدَاتٌ

Those are students, they are hard working=== That is a student, she is hard working

• Let’s take some more examples for better understanding of the rule: 

Picture	English	Arabic
	Singular: He is a Muslim Plural: They are Muslims	الْمُفْرَدُ: هُوَ مُسْلِمٌ. الْجَمْعُ: هُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ.
	Singular: I have an elder brother, he is in the university Plural: I have elder brothers, they are in the university	الْمُفْرَدُ: لِي أَخٌّ كَبِيرٌ، هُوَ فِي الْجَامِعَةِ. الْجَمْعُ: لِي إِخْوَةٌ كِبَارٌ، هُمْ فِي الْجَامِعَةِ.
	Singular: His father is a doctor Plural: Their father is a doctor.	الْمُفْرَدُ: أَبُوهُ طَبِيبٌ. الْجَمْعُ: أَبُوهُمْ طَبِيبٌ.
	Singular: She is fasting Plural: They are fasting	الْمُفْرَدُ: هِيَ صَائِمَةٌ. الْجَمْعُ: هُنَّ صَائِمَاتٌ.
	Singular: She is a student, her house is near the mosque Plural: They are students, their house is near the mosque	الْمُفْرَدُ: هِيَ طَالِبَةٌ، بَيْتُهَا عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ. الْجَمْعُ: هُنَّ طَالِبَاتٌ، بَيْتُهُنَّ عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ.
	Singular: Her book is in the bag Plural: Their books are in the bag	الْمُفْرَدُ: كِتَابُهَا فِي الْحَقِيبَةِ. الْجَمْعُ: كِتَابُهُنَّ فِي الْحَقِيبَةِ

• In this part of lesson we will learn the use of verbs with some more pronouns In-Shā’-Allâh (God willing). We have already learnt the use of verbs with the pronouns in (Lesson No. 10 section 7).

English	Transliteration	Arabic	Singular / Plural (Arabic)	Masculine / Feminine (Arabic)
He went	/Dhahaba/	ذَهَبَ	الْمُفْرَدُ	الْمُذَكَّرُ
They went (masc. plural)	/Dhahabu/	ذَهَبُوا	الْجَمْعُ
She went	/Dhahabat/	ذَهَبَتْ	الْمُفْرَدُ	الْمُؤَنَّثُ
They went (fem. plural)	/Dhahabna/	ذَهَبْنَ	الْجَمْعُ

English	New form of verb	Pronoun		Simple Verb
He went	ذَهَبَ	He	هُوَ	ذَهَبَ
They went	ذَهَبُوا	They (masculine)	هُمْ
She went	ذَهَبَتْ	She	هِيَ
They went	ذَهَبْنَ	They (feminine)	هُنَّ

• Let’s take some more examples for a better understanding of the rule: 

Picture	English	Arabic
	Singular: He went to the teacher Plural: They went to the teacher	الْمُفْرَدُ: هُوَ ذَهَبَ عِنْدَ الْمُدَرِّسِ. الْجَمْعُ: هُمْ ذَهَبُوْا عِنْدَ الْمُدَرِّسِ.
	Singular: The student went out with his colleague Plural: The students went out with their colleagues	الْمُفْرَدُ: الطَّالِبُ خَرَجَ مَعَ زَمِيلِهِ. الْجَمْعُ: الطُّلابُ خَرَجُوا مَعَ زُمَلاءِهِمْ.
	Singular: The boy sat in the restaurant Plural: The boys sat in the restaurant	الْمُفْرَدُ: الْوَلَدُ جَلَسَ فِي الْمَطْعَمِ. الْجَمْعُ: الأَوْلادُ جَلَسُوْا فِي الْمَطْعَمِ.
	Singular: She stood near the door Plural: They stood near the door	الْمُفْرَدُ: هِيَ وَقَفَتْ عِنْدَ الْبَابِ. الْجَمْعُ: هُنَّ وَقَفْنَ عِنْدَ الْبَابِ.
	Singular: She wrote on the black board Plural: They wrote on the black board	الْمُفْرَدُ: هِيَ كَتَبَتْ عَلَى السَّبُّورَةِ. الْجَمْعُ: هُنَّ كَتَبْنَ عَلَى السَّبُّورَةِ.
	Singular: Tahir's daughter sat in the car Plural: Tahir's daughters sat in the car	الْمُفْرَدُ: بِنْتُ طَاهِرٍ جَلَسَتْ فِي السَّيَّارَةِ. الْجَمْعُ: بَنَاتُ طَاهِرٍ جَلَسْنَ فِي السَّيَّارَةِ

• In this part of lesson we will learn a new word: بَعْضٌ meaning "some". This word follows many of the simple grammatical rules already covered - i.e., it takes double /đammah/ when in nominative case, double /fatħah/ when in accusative case and double /kasrah/ when in genitive case.
• Similarly when it is annexed to a pronoun it takes a single /đammah/ if appearing in nominative case, single /fatħah/ if appearing in accusative case and single /kasrah/ if appearing in genitive case. Lets take some examples for better understanding of this rule:

Picture	English	Singular
	These women are nurses Some of them are from Italy and some of them are from France	هَؤُلاءِ النِّسَاءُ مُمَرِّضَاتٌ بَعْضُهُنَّ مِنْ إِيطَالِيَا وَبَعْضُهُنَّ مِنْ فَرَنْسَا.
	These men are pilgrims Some of them are from India and some of them are from China	هَؤُلاءِ الرِّجَالُ حُجَّاجٌ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنَ الْهِنْدِ وَبَعْضُهُمْ مِنَ الصِّيْنِ.
	Those boys are students, some of them are in the class and some of them are in the play ground	أُولَئِكَ الأَوْلادُ طُلابٌ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي الْفَصْلِ وَبَعْضُهُمْ فِي الْمَلْعَبِ

Revision – مُرَاجَعَةٌ

• In this lesson we have learnt the following things:
• We have learnt the plural form of the demonstrative pronouns for the distant objects ("those") referring to the masculine as well as the feminine nouns
• We have also learnt the plural form of some more personal and possessive pronouns for the masculine as well as the feminine nouns ("they "/ "their")
• We have learnt the plural form of the simple masculine as well as feminine verbs (e.g. they went).

Vocabulary Revision – مُرَاجَعَةُ الْمُفْرَدَاتِ
They / Their	هُمْ	They (masculine and feminine)	أُولَئِكَ
They went (masculine)	ذَهَبُوا	They (feminine)	هُنَّ
Some	بَعْض	They went (feminine)	ذَهَبْنَ
Italy	إِيطَالِيَا	Visited	زَارَ
Christian / Christians	نَصْرَانِيٌّ \ نَصَارَى	The play ground	الْمَلْعَبُ