Lesson 6 – الدَّرْسُ السَّادِسُ

This is… - هَـٰذِهِ

• In this part of the lesson we learn how to use the demonstrative pronoun هَـٰذِهِ which means "This” in the feminine gender. /Hādhihī/ is pronounced هَاذِهِ but is written without the first /Alif/. The word following /Hādhihī/ is the noun (object) being referred to and it should be a feminine word. e.g. بِنْتٌ(a girl).
• When a noun (whether definite or indefinite) is preceded by the demonstrative pronoun هَـٰذِهِ - it takes the nominative case which is represented by a single /đammah/ in the case of a definite noun and by double đammas in the case of an indefinite noun.

	This is a lady doctor	هَـٰذِهِ طَبِيبَةٌ.
	This is a fruit.	هَـٰذِهِ فَاكِهَةٌ.
	This is a car.	هَـٰذِهِ سَيَّارَةٌ.
	This is a girl.	هَـٰذِهِ بِنْتٌ.

• We will also learn differentiating between the two words هَـٰذَا  and هَـٰذِهِ  with examples:

This is the son of Hamid and this is the daughter of Yasir	هَـٰذَا ابْنُ حَامِدٍ. وَهَـٰذِهِ بِنْتُ يَاسِرٍ.
Hamid's son is sitting and Yasir's daughter is standing	اِبْنُ حَامِدٍ جَالِسٌ. وَبِنْتُ يَاسِرٍ وَاقِفَةٌ.
Whose car is this?	سَيَّارَةُ مَنْ هَـٰذِهِ؟
This is the car of the principal.	هَـٰذِهِ سَيَّارَةُ الْمُدِيْرِ

Feminine nouns

• In Arabic language words are either masculine or feminine. A masculine word can be changed to a feminine by adding any of the following three symbols at the end of a masculine word:
• ة  called Tā’ Marbūŧah,
•  اء called Alif Mamdūdah or
•  ىٰ called Alif Maqŝūrah. 
• However there are certain Feminine nouns and adjectives which do not have any of these three signs and are considered Feminine, e.g., 
• The earth الأَرْضُ and the sun الشَّمْسُ are feminine in Arabic language.
• The double members of the body parts are usually feminine while single members are masculine. i.e., for example, on the human body there are two eyes and therefore they are considered as feminine, while we have one nose so this part of the body masculine. We have two hands therefore they are feminine but one face so it is masculine.  

	This is a head	هَـذَا رَأسٌ.	Masculine
	This is an eye	هَـٰذِهِ عَيْنٌ.	Feminine
	This is a nose	هَـٰذَا أَنْفٌ.	Masculine
	This is an ear	هَـٰذِهِ أُذُنٌ.	Feminine
	This is a tongue	هَـٰذَا لِسَانٌ.	Masculine
	This is a foot	هَـٰذِهِ قَدَمٌ.	Feminine
	This is a face	هَـٰذَا وَجْهٌ.	Masculine
	This is a hand	هَـٰذِهِ يَدٌ.	Feminine

The preposition /li/

• In this part of Lesson No. 6 we will learn a new preposition and the principles for its use In-Shā’-Allâh (God Willing):
• This new preposition is لِـ means "for". When a preposition is followed  by a noun, it changes the noun from the nominative case to the genitive case. e.g., when لِـ precedes a noun  مُحَمَّدٌ then it becomes لِمُحَمَّدٍ but there are certain words which do not change their cases with different causes and maintain their vowel endings. These words are called Indeclinable words. When a preposition precedes an indeclinable word like مَنْ meaning who,  it will become لِمَنْ for whom and not لِمَنِ.
• When this لِ precedes a definite noun like الْكِتَابُ the alif in the beginning of the word is dropped and the word becomes لِلْكِتَابِ
• On the other hand when this  لِ precedes a noun like اللهُ the Alif in the beginning of the word is dropped and no lam is added and the word simply becomes للهِ meaning belongs to Allah (God).
• Please read the following sentences carefully taking good care of the vowel endings.

English	Transliteration	Arabic
This is for Muhammad and that is for Hamid	Hadha li Muhammadin Wa dhalika li Hamidin	هَـٰذَا لِمُحَمَّدٍ. وَذَلِكَ لِحَامِدٍ.
Whose bag is this? This bag belongs to Yasir	Liman Hadhihil Haqueebatu? Hadhihil Haqueebatu li Yasirin	لِمَنْ هَـٰذِهِ الْحَقِيبَةُ؟ هَـٰذِهِ الْحَقِيبَةُ لِيَاسِرٍ.
All praise belongs to Allah (God)	Alhamdu lillah	الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ.

Revision - مُرَاجَعَةٌ

• In this lesson we have learnt the following things:
• The Demonstrative Pronoun for the Feminine Articles "هَذِهِ"
• The Feminine Nouns without any of the symbols of feminine words. 
• A new preposition "لـِ" meaning "For" or "Belongs To".

Vocabulary Revision – مُرَاجَعَةُ الْمُفْرَدَاتِ
The Earth	الأَرْضُ	This (feminine)	هَـٰذِهِ
The hand	الْيَدُ	A pot	قِدْرٌ
A car	سَيَّارَةٌ	Fruit	فَاكِهَةٌ
The lady doctor	الدُّكْتُورَةُ	A girl	بِنْتٌ
A head	رَأْسٌ	The sun	الشَّمْسُ
A nose	أَنْفٌ	An eye	عَيْنٌ
A tongue	لِسَانٌ	An ear	أُذُنٌ
A face	وَجْهٌ	A foot	قَدَمٌ

• Now that you have covered this lesson, please also try some of the additional features we have including: