Lesson 35– الدَّرْسُ الْخَامِسُ وَالثَّلاثُونَ

The Five Verbs – الأَفْعَالُ الخَمْسَةُ

Introduction - مُقَدِّمَةٌ

Translation	Examples	Pronoun	Person/plurality/gender
They go shopping and buy fruits and vegetables	يَذْهَبُونَ إلَى السُّوقِ، وَيَشْتَرُونالفَاكِهةَ والخَضْرَاوَاتِ.	هُمْ hum They	جَمْعُ الْمُذَكَّرِ 3rd person, plural, masculine
You love the good and hate evil	أَنْتُمْ تُحِبُّون الْخَيْرَ، وَتَكْرَهُونَالشَّرَّ.	أَنْتُمْ antum You	جَمْعُ الْمُخَاطَبِ الْمُذَكَّرُ 2nd person, plural, masculine
Both students live in one flat	الطَّالِبَانِ يَسْكُنَانِ فِي شَقَّةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ.	هُمَا humā They both	الْمُثَنَّى الْمُذَكَّرُ 3rd person, dual, masculine
You both are students who study much	أنْتُمَا طَالِبانِ تَدْرُسَانِ كَثِيرًا	أَنْتُمَا antumā You both	الْمُثَنَّى الْمُخَاطَبُ الْمُذَكَّرُ 2nd person, dual, masculine
You sleep much, Fatima	أنْتِ تَنَامِينَ كَثِيرًا يَا فَاطِمَةُ	أَنْتِ anti You	الْمُفْرَدَةُ الْمُخَاطَبَةُ 2nd person, singular, feminine

• In this lesson, we will study the five verbs. Here we should know what the five verbs are, and why they are called the five verbs. We will know the answer after we consider the following examples. Try to guess why these verbs are called the five verbs.
  
  
  Changing past and imperative verbs into five verbs form
  • It is clear now that the five verbs are made up of present tense verbs that should be suffixed with one of following:
  1. Plural wāw (ونَ)
  2. Dual alif ( انِ)
  3. 2nd person feminine yā’ ( ينَ)
  • It is important to note that the five verbs should be present tense verbs. View the following examples of verbs that are not of the five verbs, because they are past tense verbs or imperative verbs. See how they are changed into five verbs:

  Translation	Change into five verbs	Past/imperative not five verbs
  People worship their God	النَّاسُ يَعْبُدُونَ رَبَّهُمْ	"يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُم الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ"	١-
  You worship your God	أَنْتُمْ تَعْبُدُون رَبَّكُمْ
  They both say thanks to God	وَيَقُولانِ الحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ	"وَقَالا الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي فَضَّلَنَا عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْمُؤمِنِينَ"	٢-
  You both say thanks to God	وَتَقُولانِ الحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ
  You write your lesson, Fathima	أَنْتِ تَكْتُبِينَ دَرْسَكِ يا فَاطِمَةُ	اُكْتُبِي دَرْسَكِ يَا فَاطِمَةُ	٣-
  The friends visit Egypt every year	الأصْدِقَاءُ يَزُورون مِصْرَ كُلَّ عَامٍ	الأَصْدِقَاءُ زَارُوا الأُقْصُرَ	٤-
  Do you write the homework, Fatima?	هَلْ تَكْتُبِينَ الوَاجِبَ يَا فَاطِمَةُ؟	هَلْ كَتَبْتِ الوَاجِبَ يَا فَاطِمَةُ؟	٥-

  • If we look at examples 1 and 3 in the table above, we find that the verbs (اُعْبُدُوا – اُكْتُبِي) (uξbudū – uktubī) are imperative verbs. If we want these two verbs to become in the five verbs form, we should change them from the imperative to the present tense form as follows: (يَعْبُدُونَ، تَكْتُبِينَ) (yaξbudūn – taktubīn).
  • If we look at the examples 2, 4 and 5, we find that the verbs (قالا – زَارُوا – كَتَبْتِ) (qala – zarū – katabti) are past tense verbs. In the light of the condition we already mentioned that five verbs should be in the present tense form, we should change them into the present verb form to become five verbs as follows: (يَقُولانِ – يزُورُونَ – تَكْتُبِينَ) (yaqulūn – yazurūn – taktubīn).
  • The same rules of the present verb tense apply to the future tense verbs as we studied before that the future verb is a present verb prefixed with (sa-). View the following table:

  Translation	Verb in the future form	Present verbs
  People (will) worship their God	النَّاسُ سَيَعْبُدُونَ رَبَّهُم	النَّاسُ يَعْبُدُونَ رَبَّهُم
  You (will) worship your God	أَنْتُمْ سَتَعْبُدُونَ رَبَّكُمْ	أَنْتُمْ تَعْبُدُونَ رَبَّكُمْ
  They both (will) say thanks to God	وَسَيَقُولانِ الحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ	وَيَقُولانِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ
  You both (will) say thanks to God	وَسَتَقُولانِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ	وَتَقُولانِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ
  You (will) write your lesson, Fathima	أَنْتِ سَتَكْتُبِينَ دَرْسَكِ يَا فَاطِمَةُ	أَنْتِ تَكْتُبِينَ دَرْسَكِ يا فَاطِمَةُ
  The friends (will) visit Egypt every year	الأصْدِقَاءُ سَيَزُورُونَ مِصْرَ كُلَّ عَامٍ	الأَصْدِقَاءُ يَزُورُونَ مِصْرَ كُلَّ عَامٍ
  Do/will you write the homework, Fatima?	هَلْ سَتَكْتُبِينَ الوَاجِبَ يَا فَاطِمَةُ؟	هَلْ تَكْتُبِينَ الوَاجِبَ يَا فَاطِمَةُ؟

  • We studied that the future verbs is made up of a present tense verb preceded by either the suffix (sa-) or the particle (sawfa). Consequently, the future verb is a present verb plus a suffix or particle. This is why the same rules of the present verbs in the five verb form also apply to the future verbs.
    
    
    Revision - مُرَاجَعَةٌ

    Translation	Word	Translation	Word
    The marketplace	السُّوقِ	The five verbs	الأَفْعَالُ الخَمْسَةُ
    Playing	اللّعِب	Came	جَاءَ
    Fruit	الفَاكِهة	Tea	الشَّاي
    His worshippers	عِبَادُه	(they) visit	يَزُورون
    (they) worship	يَعْبُدُونَ	Thanks to God	الحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ
    In a good manner	بِطَرِيقَةٍ جَيِّدَةٍ	Their God	رَبّهُم
    Evil	الشَّرّ	Football	كُرَةَ القَدَمِ
    Good	الْخَيْر	(you) hate	تَكْرَهُونَ
    Vegetables	الخَضْرَاوَات	(you) love	تُحِبُّونَ
    		(they) buy	يَشْتَرُونَ