Lesson 19 – الدَّرْسُ التَّاسِعَ عَشَرَ

Introduction – مُقَدِّمَةٌ

• In this lesson we will learn the following things, In-Shā’-Allâh (God Willing):
• We will learn Number Phrase and the rules relating to the use of the numbers 1 to 10 for masculine nouns. 

English	Transliteration	Arabic
		Phrase	Number
One book	/Kitābun Wāhidun/	كِتَابٌ وَاحِدٌ	وَاحِدٌ
Two pens	/Qalamāni Ithnāni/	قَلَمَانِ اثْنَانِ	اثْنَانِ
Three books	/Thalāthatu Kutubin/	ثَلاثَةُ كُتُبٍ	ثَلاثَةٌ
Four men	/Arbaξatu Rijālin/	أَرْبَعَةُ رِجَالٍ	أَرْبَعَةٌ
Five boys	/Khamsatu Awlādin/	خَمْسَةُ أَوْلادٍ	خَمْسَةٌ
Six Riyals (Saudi currency)	/Sittatu Riyālātin/	سِتَّةُ رِيَالاتٍ	سِتَّةٌ
Seven doors	/Sabaξatu Abwābin/	سَبْعَةُ أَبْوَابٍ	سَبْعَةٌ
Eight stories	/Thamāniyatu Aŧibbā’in/	ثَمَانِيَةُ قِصَصٍ	ثَمَانِيَةٌ
Nine brothers	/Tisaξatu Ikhwatin/	تِسْعَةُ إِخْوَةٍ	تِسْعَةٌ
Ten Quroosh	/ξaasharatu Qurūshin/	عَشَرَةُ قُرُوْشٍ	عَشَرَةٌ

Number phrase (with one and two)-الْمُرَكَّبُ الْعَدَدِيُّ (مَعَ وَاحِدٍ وَاثْنَيْنِ)

• In this section we will learn the use of first two numbers in Arabic, In-Shā’-Allâh (God Willing).
• In Arabic language the phrase comprising of a number and a noun following that number is called a Number Phrase i.e., الْمُرَكَّبُ الْعَدَدِيُّ
• The number is called /ξadad/ i.e., الْعَدَدُ and the noun describing that number is called /Maξdūd/الْمَعْدُودُ i.e., the noun that the number is counting.
• The number phrase for number "one" and "two" are treated as an Adjective Phrase. We have already learnt the rules for the Adjective Phrase in (Lesson 9 section 2)
• The nouns for the numbers "one" and "two" always precede the number i.e., they come before the number, and the number following them is treated as an adjective of these nouns, i.e..: the number will take the same case as the noun and it will take the same gender.
• Let us take some examples:
• One book will be translated as كِتَابٌ وَاحِدٌ
  
• Two chairs will be translated as كُرْسِيَّانِ اثْنَانِ
  
• In Arabic the numbers (one and two) i.e., وَاحِدٌ - اثْنَانِ are usually omitted and the single or the dual form is considered to be sufficient to suggest the meaning of (one and two) i.e., in order to say one glass it is sufficient to say كَأْسٌ, and in order to say two glasses it is sufficient to sayكَأْسَانِ.   However the words وَاحِدٌ - اِثْنَانِ  are used for emphasis.
• Let’s take some examples to understand this rule:

Picture	Translation	Arabic
	One pen is on my desk	عَلَى مَكْتَبِي قَلَمٌ وَاحِدٌ.
	I saw one soldier	رَأَيْتُ جُنْدِيًّا وَاحِدًا.
	Ali sat on one chair	جَلَسَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَى كُرْسِيٍّ وَاحِدٍ.
	These are two brothers	هَذَانِ أَخَوَانِ اثْنَانِ.
	I visited two friends	زُرْتُ صَدِيْقَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ.
	You stood on two desks	وَقَفْتَ عَلَى مَكْتَبَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ.

• It must be noted that the dual form of أَخٌ is أَخَوَانِ and not أَخَانِ
  
  
  Number phrase (from 3 to 10) - الْمُرَكَّبُ الْعَدَدِيُّ (مِنْ ثَلاثَةٍ إِلَى عَشَرَةٍ)
  • In this part of the lesson we will learn the Arabic numbers from 3 to 10 and the rules relating to their use, In-Shā’-Allâh (God Willing).
  • In Arabic language, for the numbers 3 to 10, the following rules are applied:
  • The number always precedes the noun, i.e., the noun always appears after the number, e.g., ثَلاثَةُ أَقْلامٍ meaning "Three pens"
  • The noun should always be in plural form whereas the number always appear in singular form, e.g., أَرْبَعَةُ جُنُودٍ meaning "Four soldiers"
  • The number will take different cases according to the situation, but the noun will always take the genitive case, i.e.,  سَبْعَةُ أيَّامٍ meaning "Seven days"
  • The noun is mostly indefinite, and hence it takes the double /kasrah/ e.g., عَشَرَةُ أَشْخَاصٍmeaning "Ten people"
  • The number of the masculine noun is always feminine with a /tā’ marbūŧah/ as the last letter  i.e., whenever there is a masculine noun, the number for that noun should always be in feminine form e.g., خَمْسَةُ رِجَالٍ meaning "5 men".
  • Let us cover some examples for a better understanding of the rule:

  Picture	Translation	Arabic
  	In the house, there are three boys.	فِي الْبَيْتِ ثَلاثَةُ أَوْلادٍ.
  	Ahmad sat with six teachers	جَلَسَ أَحْمَدُ مَعَ سِتَّةِمُدَرِّسِينَ.
  	Wajid ate nine grapes	أَكَلَ وَاجِدٌ تِسْعَةَ أَعْنَابٍ.
  	Khalida visited eight countries	زَارَتْ خَالِدَةُ ثَمَانِيَةَ بِلاَدٍ.
  	Nasir opened four doors	فَتَحَ نَاصِرٌ أَرْبَعَةَ أَبْوَابٍ.
  	In my bag there are five pens	فِي حَقِيبَتِي خَمْسَةُ أَقْلامٍ.

  
  

  Revision – مُرَاجَعَةٌ

  • In this lesson we have learnt the formation of the number phrase and the rules relating to its formation

  Vocabulary Revision – مُرَاجَعَةُ الْمُفْرَدَاتِ
  The number	الْعَدَدُ	The number phrase	الْمُرَكَّبُ الْعَدَدِيُ
  One	وَاحِدٌ	The numbered noun	الْمَعْدُودُ
  Three	ثَلاثَةٌ	Two	اثْنَانِ
  Five	خَمْسَةٌ	Four	أَرْبَعَةٌ
  Seven	سَبْعَةٌ	Six	سِتَّةٌ
  Nine	تِسْعَةٌ	Eight	ثَمَانِيَةٌ
  A soldier	جُنْدِيٌّ	Ten	عَشَرَةٌ
  Grapes	عِنَبٌ \ أَعْنَابٌ	Countries / A country	بَلَدٌ \ بِلادٌ
  Pockets / A pocket	جَيْبٌ \ جُيُوبٌ	Passengers / A passenger	رَاكِبٌ \ رُكَّابٌ
  The bus	الْحَافِلَةُ	Quarsh / Quroosh (Qursh = 1/10th of Riyal)	قَرْشٌ \ قُرُوشٌ