- In this lesson we will learn the following things, In-Shā’-Allâh (God willing):
o We will learn the plural form of the Demonstrative Pronoun for the masculine and feminine nouns.
English
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Transliteration
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Demonstrative noun (Arabic)
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Singular / Plural (Arabic)
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Masculine / Feminine (Arabic)
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Grammatical Term
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This (masculine)
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/Hādhā/
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These
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/Hā’ulā’i/
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This (feminine)
|
/Hādhihi/
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These
|
/Hā’ulā’i/
|
English
|
Transliteration
|
Arabic Word
|
Singular / Plural (Arabic)
|
Masculine / Feminine (Arabic)
|
A teacher (masc.)
|
/Mudarrisun/
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Teachers (masc.)
|
/Mudarrisūna/
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A lady teacher (fem.)
|
/Mudarrisatun/
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Lady teachers (fem.)
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/Mudarrisātun/
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English
|
Transliteration
|
Arabic
|
Singular / Plural (Arabic)
|
Masculine / Feminine (Arabic)
|
A book
|
/Kitābun/
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Books
|
/Kutubun/
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A garden
|
/Hadīqatun/
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Gardens
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/Hada’iqun/
|
- In this section, we will learn the plural form of nouns and Adjectives In-Shā’-Allâh (God willing).
- In English, adjectives have no plural form. So when an adjective is used to describe a singular noun, the same word is used to describe the plural noun e.g., if we say "Good boy" for a singular noun then in the same manner we say "Good boys" for the plural nouns.
- In Arabic however even the adjectives have plural form, e.g., when we express the quality of a teacher by saying مُدَرِّسٌ جَيِّدٌ (A good teacher), it will become مُدَرِّسُونَ جَيِّدُونَi.e., Good teachers for the plural nouns. So the noun as well as the adjective becomes plural and both change form.
- English and Arabic both have two kinds of plural:
- Sound Plurals
- Broken Plurals
- The Sound Plural is the plural form of a word in which the word keeps its original form and is simply extended:
- E.g., For English Nouns
- Chair ======> Chairs
- School ======> Schools
- Girl ======> Girls
- For Arabic Nouns and Adjectives:
People fasting ========== A person fasting
Female teachers ========== A female teacher
Hard workers ========== A hard worker
Small things (feminine) ========== A small thing (feminine)
- In Arabic, the sound plural is either masculine or feminine. In order to convert a singular masculine noun or adjective to plural the following steps should be taken:
- The /tanwīn/ on the last letter of the indefinite word is replaced with the single vowel of the equivalent - i.e. single /đammah/ (when in nominative case), single /fatħah/ (when in accusative case) and single /kasrah/ (when in genitive case)
- ونَ is added at the end of the word if it is in nominative case with a /đammah/ and ينَ is added if the word is in accusative with a /fatħah/ or genitive case with a /kasrah/.
- However if the word is definite, then simply ونَ is added at the end of the word if it is in nominative case and ينَ is added if the word is in accusative or genitive case. Please see below - please take note of the colour coding to emphasise the changed and additional letters to make the words into sound plurals:
These are fasting ========== This is fasting
I saw teachers ========== I saw a teacher
I am with Muslims ========== I am with a Muslim
The engineers ========== The engineer
Muhammad is with the farmers ===== Muhammad is with the farmer
I visited the engineers ========== I visited the engineer
- Let’s take some examples to understand this rule:
Picture
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English
|
Arabic
|
 |
This is a Muslim
| |
 |
These are Muslims
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 |
I saw an inspector
| |
 |
I saw inspectors
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He is with a supervisor
| |
 |
He is with supervisors
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|
The person who fasts
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 |
The people who fast
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I saw the teacher
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 |
I saw the teachers
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I am with the instructor
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 |
I am with the instructors
|
- In order to convert a singular feminine noun or adjective to plural the following steps should be taken: The last letter ة of the feminine word is replaced with ات
Small things (feminine) ========== A small thing (feminine)
With female teachers ========== With a female teacher
The female engineers ========== The female engineer
- Let’s take some examples to understand this rule:
Picture
|
English
|
Arabic
|
 |
A female instructor is in the house
| |
 |
Female instructors are in the house
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فِي الْبَيْتِ مُعَلِّمَاتٌ.
|
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This female student is hard working
| |
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These female students are hard working
|
هَؤُلاءِ الطَّالِبَاتُمُجْتَهِدَاتٌ.
|
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I went with a female engineer
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|
I went with female engineers
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ذَهَبْتُ مَعَ مُهَنْدِسَاتٍ.
|
|
Khalida visited a female scholar
| |
|
Khalida visited female scholars
|
- The Broken Plural is the plural form of a word in which the original form of the word is changed to a great extent - i.e. it is a change in the word rather than an extension of the word:
o E.g. For English Nouns
§ Man ======> Men
§ Woman ======> Women
- In Arabic, a word is generally formed on the pattern of three basic letters /fa/ فَ, /ξa/ عَ, and /la/لَ -
/fa ξa la/ فَعل i.e. نَجْمٌ ,جَبَلٌ etc. - Unlike in English, the broken plural is very widely used in Arabic. There are more than twenty patterns of the broken plural. For example "A word falls into one of a number of 'patterns'. Once we know the pattern group that a word belongs to, we know how the word will change in plural form. This is done by mapping each letter of the word in the singular form to it's plural form and may involve adding letters to the word in the process."
- We will cover what we mean by pattern and how we are using the middle column (below) a bit laterIn-Shā’-Allâh (God willing). Some of these patterns are given below:
Plural
|
Pattern
|
Singular
|
|
(Stars)
|
(A star)
| |
|
(Books)
| ||
|
(Mountains)
|
(Mountain)
| |
|
(Pilgrims)
|
(A pilgrim)
| |
|
(Pens)
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(A pen)
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|
(Colleagues)
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(A colleague)
| |
|
(Doctors)
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(A Doctor)
| |
|
(Brothers)
|
(Brother)
|
- There are no specific rules or patterns for the formation of the Broken Plural of the feminine nouns or adjectives. The feminine nouns are mostly sound plurals. However some of the Broken Plurals of the feminine nouns are given below but they have no specific patterns:
Picture
|
Plural
|
Singular
|
|
(Girls)
|
(A girl)
|
|
(Sisters)
|
(Sister)
|
 |
(Young ladies)
|
(Young lady)
|
 |
(Women)
-Plural from a different root |
(Woman)
|
- In this lesson we have learnt the following things:
- The plural form of the Demonstrative Pronoun for the masculine and feminine nouns.
- Sound Plural.
- Broken Plural.
Vocabulary Revision – مُرَاجَعَةُ الْمُفْرَدَاتِ
| |||
The plural
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The singular
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Sound plural
|
These
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Lady teachers
|
Teachers (masc.)
| ||
Books
|
Broken plural
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Female students
|
Gardens
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Farmers
|
Engineers
| ||
Grand daughter
|
Wives
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Lady instructors
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Hotel
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Lady doctors
|
Muslims
| ||
Person who fasts
|
Good
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Hard working
|
People who fast
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An investigator
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Small
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Supervisor
|
Investigators
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Hard working (females)
|
Instructors
| ||
Female scholars
|
Female scholar
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Mountain / Mountains
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Star / Stars
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Pen / Pens
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Pilgrim / Pilgrims
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Brother / Brothers
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Doctor / Doctors
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Young man / young men
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Short
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Name / Names
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New
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Student / Students
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Tall
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A guest / Guests
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Son / Sons
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Merchant / Merchants
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Man / Men
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Boy / Boys
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Learned man / Learned Men
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Elder / Elders
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Paternal uncle / Paternal uncles
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Rich
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Poor
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Friend / Friends
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Farm / Farms
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Woman / Women
|
Husband / Husbands
| ||
Sister / Sisters
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Girl / Girls
| ||
Young lady / Young ladies
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The woman / The women
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