Lesson 22 - اَلدَّرْسُ الثَانِي وَالْعِشْرُونَ

Cases of Diptotes - إِعرَابُ الْمَمْنُوعِ مِنَ الصَّرْفِ

Introduction – مُقَدِّمَةٌ

• In this lesson, we will learn the cases of the Diptotes In-Shā’-Allâh (God Willing) i.e.,
   إعْرَابُ الأَسْمَاءِ الْمَمْنُوعَةِ مِنَ الصَّرْفِ:
• Unlike the ordinary nouns, "The Diptotes" do not take the double vowel mark. Similarly, Diptotes do not take the genitive case /Kasrah/.
• In the previous lessons we learnt the situations when a noun is in Genitive Case i.e.:
• When it is /Maĵrūr/ مَجْرُورٌ, i.e., when it is preceded by a preposition (Lesson No. 4 section 3), and
• When it is a possessed (annexed) noun مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ of the Possessive (Annexation) Expression (Lesson No. 5 section 2)
• In these situations the noun takes genitive case i.e., Single /Kasrah/ if it is definite مِنَ الْبَيْتِ and double /Kasrah/ if it is indefinite فِي مَسْجِدٍ.
• However diptotes اَلْمَمْنُوعُ مِنَ الصَّرْفِ are the nouns which take /fatħah/ instead of a /Kasrah/ if in genitive case. We have already learnt in the previous lesson i.e., (Lesson 20 section 4) that Diptotes are those nouns or adjectives which never take /tanwīn/ i.e., Double Vowel Mark. So whenever a diptote noun is preceded by a preposition or is /Muđâf Ilaihi/ it will take a /fatħah/ instead of a /Kasrah/ so if we say for example Ahmad's book i.e., كِتَابُ أَحْمَدَ
• Previously we have learnt only one situation when a noun takes the accusative case (Lesson 15 section 6) and that is:
• When the noun is object of a verbal sentence مَفْعُولٌ i.e., أَكَلَ خَالِدٌ تُفَّاحًا
• However, since the diptote does not take /tanwīn/, if it is used as the object of a verbal sentence it will take a single /fatħah/ instead of double vowels e.g., زَارَ طَاهِرٌ مَسَاجِدَ كَثِيرَةً  
• We will learn these rules in more detail in the next sections In-Shā’-Allâh (God willing)
  
  
  Cases of Diptotes - إِعْرَابُ الْمَمْنُوعِ مِنَ الصَّرْفِ
  • In this part of the lesson, we will learn the cases of the Diptotes In-Shā’-Allâh (God Willing) i.e.,
  إعْرَابُ الأَسْمَاءِ الْمَمْنُوعَةِ مِنَ الصَّرْفِ
  • Unlike the ordinary nouns, "The Diptotes" do not take double vowel mark. Similarly, Diptotes do not take /Kasrah/ in the genitive case.
  • We know that the noun takes the genitive case i.e., single /Kasrah/ if it is definite – e.g.  مِنَ الْجَامِعَةِ and double /Kasrah/ if it is indefinite e.g.  فِي مَسْجِدٍ, when it is in the possessive expression (annexation) or when it is preceded by a preposition.
     
  • However diptotes اَلْمَمْنُوعُ مِنَ الصَّرْفِ take /fatħah/ instead of a /Kasrah/ if in genitive case.  We have already learnt in the previous lesson i.e., (Lesson 20 section 4) that Diptotes are those nouns or adjectives which never take /tanwīn/ i.e., Double Vowel Mark. So whenever a diptote noun is preceded by a preposition or is /Muđâf Ilaihi/ it will take a /fatħah/ instead of a /Kasrah/ - for example - Ahmad's book i.e., كِتَابُ أَحْمَدَ
  • The same is the case with all the other groups of diptotes we have learnt so far.
  • Let’s take some examples for this rule:

  English	Transliteration	Arabic
  Where are you from? I am from Pakistan	/Min aina Anta/? /Ana min Bakistan/	مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ؟ أَنَا مِنْ بَاكِسْتَانَ.
  What is your name? My name is Anwar	/Mas muka/? /Ismi Anwaro/	مَا اسْمُكَ؟ اِسْمِي أَنْوَرُ.
  With whom did you return? I returned with Athar, he is my friend	/Maξa man rajaξta/? /Rajaξtu maξa Aŧhar, huwa ŝadīqī/	مَعَ مَنْ رَجَعْتَ؟ رَجَعْتُ مَعَ أَطْهَرَ، وهُوَ صَدِيقَي.
  What did you eat in the meal? I ate a fish	/Mādhā akalta fil ghadā’i/? /Akaltu samakatan/	مَاذَا أَكَلْتَ فِي الْغَدَاءِ؟ أَكَلْتُ سَمَكَةً.
  Talha neither drinks in golden nor silver cups.	/ ŧalħatu lā yashrabua fī fanaĵīna dhahabiyyatin walā fī fanaĵīna fiđđiyyatin/	طَلْحَةُ لا يَشْرَبُ فِي فَنَاجِينَ ذَهَبِيَّةٍ وَلا فِي فَنَاجِينَ فِضِّيَّةٍ.

  
  

  Cases of Diptotes - إِعْرَابُ الْمَمْنُوعِ مِنَ الصَّرْفِ

  • In this section, we will learn the accusative case of diptotes In-Shā’-Allâh (God Willing):
  • Previously we have learnt only one situation when a noun takes the accusative case and that is:
  • When the noun is the object of a verbal sentence مَفْعُولٌ i.e.,أَكَلَ خَالِدٌ تُفَّاحًا
  • However, since the diptote does not take a /tanwīn/, if it is used as the object of a verbal sentence it will take a single /fatħah/ instead of double vowels e.g., زَارَ طَاهِرٌ مَسَاجِدَ كَثِيرَةً
  • Let’s review some examples to understand this rule:

  Picture	Translation	Arabic
  	Yusuf entered buildings	دَخَلَ يُوسُفُ مَنَازِلَ.
  	The guests went out of hotels	خَرَجَ الضُّيُوفُ مِنْ فَنَادِقَ.
  	I bought wooden desks	اِشْتَرَيْتُ مَكَاتِبَ خَشَبِيَّةً.
  	Nasir took the keys of the house	أَخَذَ نَاصِرٌ مَفَاتِيحَ الْبَيْتِ.
  	The boy bought a black pen	اِشْتَرَى الْوَلَدُ قَلَمًا أَسْوَدَ

  
  

  Revision – مُرَاجَعَةٌ

  • In this lesson we have learnt the following things:

  • The declension of the diptotes in the accusative case (as a direct object of the nominal sentence)
  • The declension of the diptotes in the genitive case (after a preposition or in Iđâfa expression (annexation))

  Vocabulary Revision – مُرَاجَعَةُ الْمُفْرَدَاتِ
  Fish	سَمَكَةٌ	The meal	اَلْغَدَاءُ
  Golden	اَلذَّهَبِيَّةُ	Paris	بَارِيسُ
  London	لَنْدَنُ	Jeddah	جُدَّةُ
  The guests	اَلضُّيُوفُ	Wooden	خَشَبِيَّةٌ